Entomopathogenic Fungi for Tick Control in Cattle Livestock From Mexico

Ticks are one of the main economic threats to cattle industry worldwide affecting productivity, health and welfare. The need for alternative methods control tick populations is prompted by high prevalence multiresistant strains chemical acaricides their ecological consequences. Biological using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) most promising options. objective this paper review use EPF as an method against ticks in Mexico. Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) Beauveria bassiana s.l. studied biological laboratory field, mainly Rhipicephalus microplus ; however, evaluations other important such Amblyomma mixtum R . annulatus , needed. A transdisciplinary approach required incorporate different types tools, genomics, transcriptomics proteomics order better understand pathogenicity/virulence mechanism ticks. Laboratory tests have demonstrated efficacy susceptible resistant/multiresistant populations; whereas, field shown satisfactory efficiency M stages when applied both on pasture cattle. Epidemiological aspects environmental factors considered components that influence acaricidal behavior EPF. Finally, considering all these aspects, some recommendations proposed integrated schemes livestock